Source data

Source data are files obtained from vendors or external providers. They are treated as immutable inputs; project code reads them but does not overwrite them.

• Revelio provides employment histories, worker attributes, and company reference data.
• Compustat and CRSP provide accounting, security, and market-linking data.
• ExecuComp provides executive compensation records.
• KPSS patents provide patent-level innovation measures.
• ISS Incentive Lab provides director compensation records.
• XBRL goodwill deals provide acquisition disclosures.